Written by Classical Liberal

 

Capital punishment has long been considered a controversial issue: one of the significant ethical debates of our times, up there with abortion.

This article asks the often debated ethical question: should the UK bring back capital punishment? The arguments for and against the death penalty are both compelling.

Capital punishment was used in the UK from ancient times until 1964. The last executions, by hanging, took place in 1964. Capital punishment was suspended for murder in 1965 and finally abolished for murder in 1969 (1973 in Northern Ireland). Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences, such as treason, until it was abolished entirely in 1998.

The main arguments for the death penalty are justice, deterrence, and closure.

First, the death penalty serves justice. This argument is summed up by the cliché, ‘An eye for an eye’. Of course, the death penalty is reserved for the most heinous of crimes, such as murder. Murderers gave up their right to life when they took the life of another person, and their lawful execution can only serve justice.

And, why should murderers be allowed to live out the rest of their lives in relative comfort, paid for by the taxpayer? The UK prison population is over 80,000. More than 7,000 inmates are serving life sentences, plus more than 3,000 are serving indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPPs). It costs over £40,000 per year to keep someone in prison in the UK. About double that is spent on keeping the most serious offenders, such as murderers, terrorists and rapists, under lock and key. To keep a convicted murderer in prison at the cost of about £80,000 per year for the usual life sentence of twenty-five years would thus cost over £2,000,000. That is if they serve their complete sentence, of course. That money could be put to better use if it was left in the pockets of hard-working, law-abiding citizens; or spent on much worthier causes like education, social care, etc. The government does not have any money of its own. The money that the government spends has been taken from hard-working and law-abiding taxpayers. The government does need some money to pay for essential things that individuals cannot provide for themselves, such as national defence. However, the government has a moral duty to take as little money from its citizens as necessary; and make sure that whatever money is taken is spent as wisely as possible.

Secondly, the death penalty is the ultimate deterrent. In the UK, 75% of ex-inmates reoffend within nine years of release. The threat of a prison sentence is not that much of a barrier to hardened criminals. Ultimately, only the most severe punishment possible will dissuade the most violent crimes. Would-be murderers have a better reason to think twice if they know their life is on the line. Thus, the death penalty saves lives.

And, thirdly, capital punishment provides closure to victims’ families. The execution of a criminal is the best way to provide closure to the family of their victim. They can finally put the crime behind them and move on, knowing that there is no possibility of the person who took their loved one ever leaving prison and walking free.

The main arguments against the death penalty are: miscarriages of justice, it gives too much power to the state, and killing is wrong.

First, there is obvious potential for miscarriages of justice. You cannot un-execute someone. Miscarriages of justice are bad enough, but the wrongful execution of an innocent person takes it to the extremes. If someone is wrongfully imprisoned, they can at least be released and compensated by the state. If they are executed, however, then a posthumous pardon won’t be much comfort.

Secondly, the death penalty confers too much power on the state. The three countries that executed the most people in 2016 were: China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. There’s a reason why the death penalty is favoured in authoritarian regimes: it is the ultimate form of state control. Troublesome political dissidents can be mixed in with murderers on death row, and any criticism can be deflected as being ‘soft on crime’.

Thirdly, killing is morally wrong. To use another cliché, ‘Two wrongs don’t make a right’. Taking a human life is unethical, whether it is a crime or done in the name of ‘justice’. Everyone’s right to life should be protected by law, including criminals. We should aim to set the example that killing is always wrong and that there are alternatives. Advocates of this argument contend that life in prison is not a ‘soft’ option.

What do you think? Should the UK bring back the death penalty?